Course Content
UNIT 1: Introduction to Computing & Programming
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What is a computer program
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Problem-solving using algorithms
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Flowcharts and pseudo-code
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Types of programming languages
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Compiler vs Interpreter
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High-level vs low-level languages
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Overview of Java ecosystem
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Applications of Java in industry
UNIT 2: Java Platform & Environment
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History and evolution of Java
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Java editions: SE, EE, ME, FX
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Java features: portability, security, robustness
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JVM architecture (Class Loader, Memory Areas, Execution Engine)
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JDK vs JRE vs JVM
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Installing Java (Windows / Linux / Mac)
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IDE setup (IntelliJ, Eclipse, VS Code)
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Java program structure
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Compilation & execution lifecycle
UNIT 3: Java Syntax & Language Basics
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Tokens: keywords, identifiers, literals
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Naming conventions and coding standards
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Variables and constants
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Primitive data types (deep)
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Unicode characters
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Type casting (implicit & explicit)
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Scope and lifetime of variables
UNIT 4: Operators & Expressions
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Arithmetic operators
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Relational operators
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Logical operators
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Bitwise operators
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Assignment operators
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Unary & ternary operators
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Operator precedence & associativity
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Expression evaluation
UNIT 5: Input / Output Fundamentals
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Standard input & output
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Scanner class
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BufferedReader usage
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Formatting output (printf)
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Command-line arguments
UNIT 6: Control Flow Statements
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Conditional statements: if, if-else, nested if, switch-case
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Looping statements: for loop, while loop, do-while loop
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Nested loops
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break & continue
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Pattern programming
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Logical problem solving
UNIT 7: Arrays
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Single-dimensional arrays
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Multi-dimensional arrays
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Jagged arrays
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Array initialization techniques
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Traversing arrays
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Sorting & searching algorithms
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Arrays vs Collections
UNIT 8: Strings
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String class internals
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Immutability concept
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String pool & memory
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StringBuilder vs StringBuffer
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String methods (deep coverage)
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Tokenization & parsing
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Regular expressions (intro)
UNIT 9: Methods & Functional Decomposition
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Defining methods
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Method calling
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Parameters & return types
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Method overloading
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Recursive methods
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Stack memory behavior
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Code reusability principles
UNIT 10: Classes & Objects
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Class definition & object creation
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Instance variables & methods
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Constructors (default, parameterized)
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Constructor overloading
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this keyword
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Object lifecycle
UNIT 11: Encapsulation & Access Control
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Access modifiers (public, private, protected, default)
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Data hiding techniques
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Getter & Setter methods
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Encapsulation best practices
UNIT 12: Inheritance
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Concept of inheritance
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Types of inheritance in Java
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extends keyword
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Method overriding
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super keyword
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Constructor chaining
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Runtime polymorphism
UNIT 13: Abstraction & Interfaces
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Abstract classes
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Abstract methods
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Interfaces
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Multiple inheritance using interfaces
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Functional interfaces
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Default & static methods (Java 8+)
UNIT 14: Polymorphism
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Compile-time polymorphism
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Runtime polymorphism
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Dynamic method dispatch
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Upcasting & downcasting
UNIT 15: Exception Handling
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Exception hierarchy
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Checked vs unchecked exceptions
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try-catch-finally
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throw & throws
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Custom exceptions
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Best practices
UNIT 16: Packages & Modular Code
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Creating packages
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Importing packages
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Java API packages
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Organizing large projects
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Reusability & modularization
UNIT 17: Java Collections Framework
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Collection hierarchy
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List, Set, Map, Queue
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ArrayList, LinkedList
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HashSet, TreeSet
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HashMap, TreeMap
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Iterators
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Comparable & Comparator
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Generics
UNIT 18: File Handling & I/O
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File class
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Byte streams & character streams
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Buffered streams
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Serialization & deserialization
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Object streams
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NIO basics
UNIT 19: Multithreading & Concurrency
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Thread lifecycle
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Thread creation techniques
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Synchronization
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Inter-thread communication
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Deadlocks & race conditions
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Executor framework
UNIT 20: JDBC & Database Programming
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JDBC architecture
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Drivers & connections
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CRUD operations
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PreparedStatement
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Transactions
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ResultSet handling
UNIT 21: GUI Programming
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Swing components
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Layout managers
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Event handling
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JavaFX basics
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MVC architecture
UNIT 22: Networking
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TCP/IP fundamentals
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Socket programming
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Client-server architecture
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Multi-client server
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REST API consumption
UNIT 23: Design Patterns & Best Practices
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SOLID principles
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Singleton pattern
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Factory pattern
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MVC pattern
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Code refactoring
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Clean coding standards
UNIT 24: Build Tools & Testing
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Maven basics
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Project builds
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Unit testing (JUnit)
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Logging (Log4j)
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Packaging JAR files
UNIT 25: Industry Capstone Project
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Students must build one complete real-world system: School ERP
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Hospital Management System
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Banking / Wallet System
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Retail Billing & Inventory
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Hotel Reservation System
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